image Q. 121 - Emergency acronyms

Q.   Below are all common acronyms used in the settings of emergency care except?

a. AVPU
b. FAST
c. SALT
d. DAIR

Answer -
d

A classic scale to assess consciousness of patient in emergency settings is AVPU. It stands for
Alert
responds to Voice
responds to Pain
Unresponsive
This was initial scale used by ATLS. ( Advances trauma Life Support).

Focused Abdominal Sonography for Trauma is for rapid diagnosis of intrabdominal haemmorhage used in all unstable patients with risk of abdominal injury.
Additional views to assess pleural spaces for pleural effusion is termed E- FAST (extended FAST).


There are several mass casuality triage systems. SALT is one algorithm.
Sort
Assess
Life saving interventions
Treatment/ Transport
 This helps patients to be grouped into 4 categories of minimal, delayed, immediate and dead/ expectant to prioritize treatment or transfer.

DAIR is an acronym for Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention. This is practiced in early periprosthetic infection usually within 4-12 weeks of surgery.

image Q. 120 - The shape of it

Q.   Which of these constitute largest proportion of articular cartilage?

a. Cells
b. Collagen
c. Water
d. Proteoglycan
e. Hyaluronic acid

Answer -
c

Water constitutes the largest part of hyaline articular cartilage.

Water - 70-80% followed by Collagen 10-20%.
Rest are Proteoglycan and cells(chondrocyte as only cells).

Most if collagen is type 2

Cartilage acts as biphasic material with water and solid phase.

Type 2 collagen has least reparative quality.
It is like hyoerhydrated sponge with viscoelastic properties.
In normal activities (like walking) it behaves more as viscous and while in running it behaves in elastic manner to protect the joints.